Evidence Library

A synthetic small molecule that inhibits the enzyme NNMT (Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase), which is upregulated in adipose tissue and associated with depletion of SAM (S-adenosyl methionine) and NAD+ precursors.

A synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide corresponding to residues 177–191 of human growth hormone (hGH), stabilised with a disulfide bond.

A three-component aesthetic research blend combining GHK-Cu (copper tripeptide-1) for collagen induction and wound healing, L-Glutathione Reduced for antioxidant and skin-brightening activity, and Melanotan I (Afamelanotide) for photoprotective melanogenesis via MC1R agonism.

A synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide derived from a protein found in gastric juice.

A lyophilised blend combining BPC-157 and TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 fragment) in a single vial.

The CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin blend combines a GHRH analogue with a selective GHRP to stimulate pulsatile growth hormone secretion through two distinct receptor pathways.

CJC-1295 no DAC (also called Modified GRF 1-29 or Mod GRF) is a stabilised 29-amino acid analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone.

Dihexa is a synthetic oligopeptide derived from angiotensin IV, developed by researchers at Washington State University.

An endogenous nonapeptide first isolated in 1977 from rabbit venous blood during delta-wave sleep.

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) developed by Vladimir Khavinson and colleagues at the St.

Follistatin-344 (FST-344) is a 344-amino-acid isoform of follistatin, a naturally occurring glycoprotein that binds and neutralizes myostatin (GDF-8) and activin, two TGF-β superfamily proteins that limit muscle growth.

FOXO4-DRI is a 46-amino-acid D-retro-inverso (DRI) peptide that mimics the FOXO4 forkhead domain, competing with endogenous FOXO4 for p53 binding.

A naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex found in human plasma, saliva, and urine.

A synthetic hexapeptide ghrelin mimetic that acts as a potent agonist at the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a).

A synthetic hexapeptide and the first growth hormone-releasing peptide discovered, developed by Cyril Bowers and colleagues at Tulane University in the early 1980s.

Semaglutide is a synthetic 31-amino acid analogue of native GLP-1, engineered with a C18 fatty di-acid chain at Lys26 and an Aib8 substitution that confers resistance to DPP-4 degradation — extending the half-life from approximately 2 minutes (native GLP-1) to approximately 7 days.

GLP-2 is a 33-amino-acid incretin hormone secreted by intestinal L-cells in response to nutrient ingestion.

Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant in the human body, synthesised endogenously from glutamate, cysteine, and glycine.

Gonadorelin is the synthetic form of endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) — a natural 10-amino-acid hypothalamic decapeptide that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH.

Hexarelin (examorelin) is a synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue developed in the early 1990s by Europeptides.

A recombinant, engineered analogue of native Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), distinguished by a 13-amino-acid N-terminal extension and a single substitution of arginine for leucine at position 3.

Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP) and selective agonist of the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a).

An endogenous neuropeptide encoded by the KISS1 gene and the master regulator of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator.

Kisspeptin-10 is the minimal biologically active C-terminal fragment of Kisspeptin-54, retaining the RF-amide motif essential for GPR54 (KISS1R) receptor binding and full downstream hormonal activity.

The KLOW Blend combines three peptides with distinct but theoretically complementary mechanisms: KPV (an anti-inflammatory tripeptide), BPC-157 (a cytoprotective 15-amino-acid peptide with the broadest evidence base in the blend), and Thymosin Alpha-1 (an immune-modulating 28-amino-acid peptide registered as a drug in 35 countries).

A synthetic tripeptide corresponding to the C-terminal three amino acids of alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH).

Liraglutide is an FDA-approved, acylated GLP-1 receptor agonist with 97% sequence homology to human GLP-1.

A synthetic 13-amino-acid analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), engineered with two key substitutions (Nle4, D-Phe7) that increase receptor binding potency and metabolic stability relative to native α-MSH.

A synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), developed at the University of Arizona in the 1980s.

A three-component metabolic blend combining AOD-9604, a GH fragment with lipolytic activity; Semaglutide, an FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist; and 5-Amino-1MQ, a preclinical NNMT inhibitor studied only in mice.

MK-677 (ibutamoren) is an orally active, non-peptide ghrelin receptor agonist developed by Merck in the 1990s.

A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome — specifically the 12S rRNA gene — making it one of the very few signalling molecules known to originate from mitochondrial DNA.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme present in all living cells and central to oxidative metabolism.

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly) from the Khavinson peptide bioregulator series, designed to target pancreatic gland function.

PEG-MGF is a synthetic 24-amino-acid peptide corresponding to the C-terminal E-domain of the IGF-1Ec splice variant (mechano growth factor), conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG) to extend its plasma half-life from ~5–7 minutes to 48–72 hours.

A synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) derived from pineal gland bioregulator research by Vladimir Khavinson and colleagues at the St.

A synthetic cyclic heptapeptide derived from Melanotan II (MT-II), itself an analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).

A triple-component research blend combining BPC-157, TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 fragment), and GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-1) at 5 mg each for a 15 mg total dose.

A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide developed by Eli Lilly that acts simultaneously on three hormone receptors: GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), and the glucagon receptor.

A synthetic heptapeptide registered as a pharmaceutical drug in Russia and several CIS countries.

A dual-component blend of two Russian-developed heptapeptides: Selank, an anxiolytic tuftsin analogue approved in Russia for generalised anxiety disorder, and Semax, an ACTH(4-7) analogue approved in Russia for stroke and cognitive disorders.

A synthetic heptapeptide analogue of ACTH(4-7) — the cognitively active fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone — with a Pro-Gly-Pro C-terminal extension for metabolic stability.

A synthetic 29-amino acid peptide corresponding to the N-terminal fragment of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH 1-29).

A synthetic tetrapeptide developed by Hazel Szeto (Cornell) and Peter Schiller that selectively accumulates in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

A synthetic analogue of Thymosin Beta-4, the naturally occurring actin-sequestering peptide found in virtually all human and animal cells.

The Tesamorelin + Ipamorelin blend combines the most clinically validated GHRH analogue (Tesamorelin, FDA-approved as Egrifta) with the most selective GHRP (Ipamorelin) in a single preparation.

A synthetic thymic dipeptide consisting of two amino acids (glutamic acid and tryptophan), developed as part of the Khavinson bioregulator peptide series at the Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology in St.

An endogenous 28-amino-acid peptide derived from thymosin fraction 5 of the thymus gland.

Tirzepatide is a 39-amino-acid synthetic peptide that acts as a dual agonist at both the GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptors.

A synthetic tripeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp) from the Khavinson vascular bioregulator series, developed at the St.

A synthetic dipeptide (Lys-Glu) derived from thymic gland research.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an endogenous 28-amino-acid neuropeptide found throughout the nervous system, gut, and immune tissues.